Feminism In The Scarlet Letter - 955 Words

Throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne displays powerful feminist ideas and behaviors present in many of the novel’s characters especially Hester Prynne. As the personalities and beliefs of the characters in The Scarlet Letter develop, rebellious acts against the traditional ways of Puritanical life unfold. Hawthorne depicts the rebellious nature of Hester, her daughter Pearl, and a few others to demonstrate the severe impacts these individuals have on the oppressing Puritan society, as well as the importance of breaking free from the strict and harsh Puritan lifestyle. Hawthorne reveals his bias mainly through Hester Prynne, the defiant anarchist and main character in the novel. By making Hester society’s antagonist,†¦show more content†¦She had the courage to disregard all of the pointing fingers and zone in on what was important to her†¦ divinity. As the story continues, Hester becomes more introverted. However, her rebellious nature is still fully intact. She, throughout the novel, has the occupation of being a seamstress of intricate, flashy clothing for neighboring puritans. This example helps first establish Hester as a cultural vigilante because traditional Puritans appear to dress in gray, dull clothing throughout the novel and history. In performing her job she is also publicizing an unholy image, which is traditionally forbidden, while still staying true to her womanly values. Her embroidery work can be seen as symbolism because this simple act goes much further than needle and thread. It resembles the things people do that are passageways of self-expression. She does this work in the midst of such a homogenous group of people. The sheep in which we call Puritans. Within the story Hawthorne makes a point of highlighting Hester’s autonomy. The quote, â€Å"[Hester would] supply food for her thriving infant and herself,† (Hawthorne 76) demonstrates her strong will of independence and the lack of reliability on others. Hawthorne shares this with the audience out of necessity. It lets the reader know that Hester is perfectly fit for the task of raising a child such as Pearl and conveys her acceptance of the woman she hasShow MoreRelatedFeminism in the Scarlet Letter1297 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper 11 March 2008 Hawthorne’s Hester Prynne and Feminism â€Å"In Heaven’s own time, a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness† (ch.24).The definition of feminism would be women are inherently equal to men and deserve equal rights and opportunities. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is the key example for feminism in the novel. In Puritan times, women were thought of as lesserRead MoreFeminism In The Scarlet Letter Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the true definition of feminism? Feminism is â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes†, as well as, â€Å"organized activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests† (Merriam-Webster). The way feminism is related into literature is similar to that of society. Feminist literature discusses how a female character or some part of the fictional world is being hurt or deprived of a certain right that women deserve. In such a way, readers and authors alike are ableRead MoreEarly Feminism In The Scarlet Letter1421 Words   |  6 PagesHawthorne highlights the habitual societal conflict of surfacing gender equality ideology throughout The Scarlet Letter. The typical female role in society during the mid-seventeenth century was to be a caretaker. Hester Prynne’s sentence for breaking this stereotype through adultery is to wear a large, red letter A on her chest. Hawthorne uses Hester’s character to add characteristics of early feminism. For example, Hester not only takes on the so called male and female role put in place by society atRead MoreAntifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter1388 Words   |  6 PagesAntifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† Hester Prynne is accused and convicted of adultery. During the puritan era women in this society had specific obligations and rights they had to maintain. By Hester having an affair and acting unladylike the community disapproved of her actions causing everyone to isolate her in her town. Due to Hester Prynne’s Isolation and the harsh judgment she received from everyone in her town, she goes throughRead MoreFeminism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesWritten in 1850, The Scarlet Letter stood as a very progressive book. With new ideas about women, main characters’ stories intertwined, and many different themes, The Scarlet Letter remains today as a extremely popular novel about 17th century Boston, Massachusetts. Not only was the 19th century a time for the abolition of slavery movement but it was also the beginning of the first wave of feminism. Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott catalyzed the women’sRead MoreHester As A Strong Female Character And The Scarlet Letter1572 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Scarlet Letter as a Feminist Novel In The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a question arises: Is The Scarlet Letter a feminist novel? First, what is feminism? Feminism is â€Å"the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men†. Feminism is really about a woman’s strength since the act of feminism causes a woman to go against traditional views and be ridiculed for that. What does feminism have to do with The Scarlet Letter? HawthorneRead MoreRomanticism And Transcendentalism In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter956 Words   |  4 Pages The Scarlet Letter - Research Paper Nathaniel Hawthorne is 19th-century author whose works were primarily classified as romanticism and transcendentalism. His works held many controversial elements for his time including the extensive use of feminist principles. Many of Hawthornes novels depict a different viewpoint on the defiance towards misogyny and patriarchal ways. The Scarlet Letter furthermore enhances these elements. Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, portrays the many elements of feminismRead MoreHester Prynnes Development Of Women In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1204 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s,The Scarlet Letter, conveys Hester Prynne’s struggles against the oppressive Puritan society of the 1630s, which leads to the illumination of her progressive feminist views. Hester’s sin of adultery leaves her shunned from her pious New England community, but the extreme consequences that she encounters highlight the notion that she recognizes women as possess ing equal capabilities and strengths as men. Hester evinces feminism throughout Hawthorne’s novel, without ever trulyRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, is most often referred to as Nathaniel Hawthorne’s best work. It gives a detailed image of life in a Puritan society. The heroine of the book-Hester Prynne, defies power, and rebels against colonial rule. Laws composed of religious convictions and individual beliefs. Through Hester’s action, you can depict a feminist consciousness. She differs from traditional colonial woman who s sole purpose it to be obedient, despite the unfair rules carried out by puritan men. Hester representsRead MoreIs The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel?1456 Words   |  6 PagesAshley Noack M. Chau-Lee English 3H 11/ 13/14 Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel? A feminist is defined in the British Dictionary as a person who advocates equal rights for women. However incredulous it may sound, women had to fight for rights for equality in things such as politics, economics, and their personal affairs. If the revolutionary feminist concepts were surfacing in the time of Nathaniel Hawthorne, circa 1850, then how was it that he was inspired to write Hester’s character? However

The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay - 990 Words

Sir Isaac Newton was a profound mathematician and physicist, one of the primary scientificintellects of all time. For almost 300 years, Newton has been known as the leader in scientific achievements of modern physical science as well as mathematical research. Dedicated to learning and experimenting, Newton also plunged into chemistry, early history of Western Civilization and theology, and a concentration of special studies in forms and dimensions, which also included Solomons Temple in Jerusalem. On Christmas day in 1642, Newton was born to a widowed farming mother. In 1664 while still a student, Newton studied optics and light. He investigated the refraction of light by a glass prism, which led to discovering measurable mathematical†¦show more content†¦Late in life, Newton apologized for the algebraic style of recent mathematical progress. He favored the classical geometrical method of the Greeks because of its clarity and rigor (5). Newton also made extreme progress in physics. According to the well-known story, Newton witnessed an apple falling from a tree in his orchard. From this he conceivedan idea in his mind that the same force that governs the Moon could also, control the apple. Newton then calculated the force needed to hold the moon in its orbit comparing it to the force that pulls an object to the ground. He furthered his experiment to include calculations from the centripetal force equation and the pendulum-sling relationship. Thus, this began the experimentation of gravity and the development of the laws of gravity. While working with John Hooke, Newton redirected his experiment to the problem of the path of a body subjected to a centrally directed force that varies as the inverse square of the distance. Newton determined this to be an ellipse. With an interest in Haleys Comet, Newton demonstrated the relationship of his new findings with his previous findings (6). This led him to write a brief essay on mechanics, and to finally write the Principia. The Book Principia is broken into three parts. Book I begins with the foundation of the science of mathematics and theShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesIsaac Newton was an English Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, Philosopher, Alchemist and a Theologian. He can be seen as one of the most influential men in history, as well as one of the greatest scientists ever lived, for all of his contributions, discoveries and hard work. He was very influential in the Sciences, many are tied together with one another; he also made a great contribution to Astronomy. Isaac Newton was born January 4, 1963 in Woolsthrope, Lincolnshire. He died March 31, 1727Read MoreEssay on The Contributions of Isaac Newton973 Words   |  4 Pages Sir Isaac Newton is considered by many people to be the greatest scientist that ever lived. He made key fundamental contributions to mathematics and physics. His revolutionary advances in math, optics, physics, and astronomy are bases for the principles we use today. A little known fact about Newtons legacy is that if you look in an encyclopedia of science, it will reveal at least 2 to 3 times more references to Newton than any other individual scientist. Newton was bornRead MoreThe Endless Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesSir Isaac Newton once said, â€Å"We build too many walls and not enough bridges.† Aside from his countless contributions to the worlds of math and science, this may be his most important quote because it is what he based his life on—building bridges of knowledge. Throughout his life he was devoted to expanding his and others knowledge past previously known realms. Often regarded of the father of calculus, Newton contributed many notable ideas and functions to the world through his creation of calculusRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton to The Scientific Revolution1064 Words   |  5 Pages The Scientific Revolution laid down a foundation in which modern science is heavily based on. An influential figure of the Scientific Revolution is Sir Isaac Newton. He made many advancements in the field of science and mathematics, he discovered Gravity, developed the t hree basic laws of motion, and co-development of Calculus. Isaac Newton did several thing that positively affected the scientific community during the Scientific Revolution and still affect society today, he recognized the threeRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesthings including mathematics. Among them was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who co-invented calculus, discovered the Binomial Theorem, and formulated a theory of universal gravitation (Smith). Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding exemplar of modern physical science, his achievements in experimental investigation being as innovative as these in mathematical research. Before discussing his three achievements, it is important to note that Newton had some college experience but did hisRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pages Sir Isaac Newton was a well educated person. He wrote on many topics including math, science, religion, and even philosophy. He also held many high ranking positions such as a member of the Royal Society and being the Master of the Mint. Information about his life and achievements will be discussed in the following paragraphs, along with how the achievements relate to the humanities base theme of faith and reason. Sir Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day in 1642. This is theRead More The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essays1626 Words   |  7 Pages Isaac Newton was born in Lincolnshire, on December 25, 1642. He was educated at Trinity College in Cambridge, and resided there from 1661 to 1696 during which time he produced the majority of his work in mathematics. During this time New ton developed several theories, such as his fundamental principles of gravitation, his theory on optics otherwise known as the Lectiones Opticae, and his work with the Binomial Theorem. This is only a few theories that that Isaac Newton contributed to the worldRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay863 Words   |  4 Pages Isaac Newton was born in England in 1642. He grew up never knowing his real father but resenting his step father. At age 19, Newton went off to Trinity College in Cambridge where he studied philosophers and astronomers such as Descartes, Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus. I t was here; while he obtained his degree, that Newton devised the theory of Calculus. He obtained his degree in 1665 and then dedicated his time to the binomial theory and Calculus.1 By 1666 Newton was the most advanced and enlightenedRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesNature and natures laws lay hid in night: God said, let Newton be! And all was light. - - Alexander Pope The Enlightenment characterizes a philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to analyze and scrutinize all previously accepted traditions and doctrines. Through this application of scientific method to all aspects of life, the role of science gradually replaced the role of religion. Sir Isaac Newton, quite possibly one of the most intelligent men to existRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesOf all of the early scientists of the scientific revolution I am most impressed by Sir Isaac Newton. Newton is important because he contributed more to the development of science than any other person in history. Isaac Newton is remembered as the greatest scientific genius who ever lived. His discoveries about physics, light, and mathematics changed the world. I am even more impressed by what he overcame to reach his goals. He came to surpass even his own expectations

Analysis Of The Financial Statements Of Alphabet †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of The Financial Statements Of Alphabet. Answer: About the Companies: Apple is a publicly traded American transnational firm headquartered in California. The company was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Primarily, the company is involved in the process of designing, developing and selling consumer electronics, computer software as well as online services. Alphabet is yet another publicly traded American transnational corporation founded by Larry Page headquartered in California. The portfolio of Alphabet mainly involves different industries such as technology, research, life sciences as well as investment capital. Amazon is a publicly traded organization headquartered in Seattle, Washington. The company is undertaking operation in electronic commerce as well as cloud computing. In essence, Amazon can be considered as the largest internet based tech giant in terms of total sales as well as market capitalization. Key Financials Review of the financial reports of the firm Amazon reveals that the companys stock is up by around 14% till date and 17% during the previous year. The corporation considerably outperformed expectations in the initial six months during 2016, however, the company failed to meet the bottom line approximations particularly during the third quarter of the year 2016. Review of financial condition during 2016 reflects that Amazon recorded nearly 29% growth in revenue to more than $29 billion and 161% growth in overall operating earnings to around $2.9 billion, essentially driven by strong rate of growth across business segments-particularly Amazon Web Services[1]. On the other hand, analysis of financial statements of Apple Inc reveals that cash to some extent decrease by approximately 1%, while it remains at high level. Again, inventory remains at consistent level that reflects high percentage of companys sales. In addition to this, the total current assets of the business concern Apple registered by the company augmented by nearly 2% during 2016. Again, long term investment is also high since the company Apple is also planning to develop a new business entity in California utilizing the investments during the long term[2]. Pecuniary reports published by the corporation also reflects that the fixed assets, intangible assets along with goodwill of the firm are consistent, while the total current liability of the corporation decreased by nearly 1%. Again, retained earnings of the corporation also enhanced since cash decreased. Again, there exists no treasury stocks and it is favourable sign as regards the shares of the company Apple[3]. Analysis of the financial statements of Alphabet reveals that the revenue of the firm increased from $74989 to $90272. This shows a year on year growth of approximately $15.28 billion during the specific time period of 2016. Again, the operating expenses of the corporation as reflected in the profit and loss assertion of the firm amounted to $66.56 billion. However, the line item reflects increase from approximately $55.63 billion as compared to the previous years figure. However, the net income of the firm also increased to $19478 during 2016 in comparison to the year ago period. In addition to this, inventory of the firm Alphabet Inc also increased from the year 2014 to the year 2015, however, thereafter, the figure for inventory slightly decreased during the period 2016, thereby reflecting superior sales[4]. Comparative analysis of the financial condition of the firm Critical analysis of pecuniary reports of the three firms during the period 2016 reveals that the revenue, gross profit as well as the earnings before interest tax depreciation as well as amortization increased at a faster rate than that of the Apples. However, Amazon records the highest percentage of growth in revenue during the period 2016 among the three different firms[5]. Apples revenue however slightly declined during 2016 to $215639 as compared to the year ago period, while Alphabet Inc registered revenue of $90272, up by $15.28% that is around 20%. However, Amazon registered revenues of $136.0 billion during the period 2016, that is up 27.1% year on year that is from the level of $107.0 billion recorded during the year 2015.Again, the current assets of the corporation Apple Inc registered to be $89378000 and the same grew to $106869000. However, the current assets of the firm Alphabet Inc are recorded to be 105.41 billion as compared to the year ago period. On the other hand, the current assets of the corporation Apple Inc is observed to be $45781000 as compared to $35705000. Amazons current assets is recorded to be $45.7 billion as compared to the year ago figure of 35.7 billion. In this case, the current assets of the Alphabet represented superior figure[6]. However, Amazon registered net earnings of around $2.4 billion during the financial year 2016, while the net profit margin as recorded by the firm was 1.7%. Again, on the other hand, the net income of the firm Apple Inc decreased by around 23% from $53394000 to $45687000 in 2016. Again, the net income of Alphabet Inc was registered to be 19.4 billion in 2016 as compared to 15.8 billion in 2015. Therefore, it can be hereby mentioned that Amazon represented a strong trajectory of growth both in terms of revenue as well as net earnings reflecting comparatively better financial health of the firm during the period 2016. In addition to this, the trend indicates that the business concern Amazon has the potential to become the first trillion company among the three firms. References Brealey, R, S Myers, F Allen,Principles of corporate finance. in , New York, NY, McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. Helbk, M, S Lindset, B McLellan,Corporate finance. in , Maidenhead, Berkshire, Open University Press/McGraw-Hill Education, 2010. BRIGHAM, E,FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT. in , [S.l.], SOUTH-WESTERN, 2017. PRASANNA CHANDRA.,Financial Management. in , Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2011

Implement and Monitor Environmentally Sustainable Work Practice

Question: Discuss about theImplement and Monitor Environmentally Sustainable Work Practice. Answer: Introduction: In the contemporary business environment, organizations are recognizing adversities of climate change and its significance. The idea of environment protection rose in the beginning of the twenty first century. Nearly all business organizations can either have a positive or a negative impact on environment to a large extent. In the present-day business organizations are more aware about transformation organizations into Going Green or Environmental Friendly which also assists in attaining competitive advantage. It not only protects and sustain environment but also facilitates in develop and progress in organizations bottom line. For a business organization, adopting an eco friendly office infrastructure and culture allows its employees and other stakeholders to take part in the green movement. The primary challenge is to develop the right approach to involve and encourage the people involved with the organization, the process includes training, perusing, communication, allowing, susta in and promote participation in the Going Green Process. The author work as a Manager in the Stellini Bar, which is one of the most popular restaurant and bar in Melbourne, mainly serves Italian and European cuisine. As a Manager the basic job is to keep customers happy by ensuring that the bar runs without interference. The competition in the local restaurant business is quite high with each restaurants coming up with new innovative ideas to attract their customers. In this report the author is going to discuss about the environmental impact that is occurring in the Stellini Bar and recommending different measures that could be adopted to reduce the identified environmental impact. Restaurant Business and Generated Waste: The author work as the manager at Stellini Bar, so from experience the author has observed that restaurants produces a large amount of solid wastes that includes plastics, food wastes, broken glass, metal scraps, paper cups and boards. Also sometimes hazardous wastes also. So, there is a need for both restaurant owners and managers to improve ways to reduce waste disposals and reduce costs overhead expenses as well as meeting customer expectations. According to a new study, Australians throw away $8 billion of edible food which is 4million tones of food annually. The increasing size of the restaurant business in Australian economy raises the question about the suitability of the present green management system to deal the fast shifting set of ecological concerns. Although several initiates are taken by restaurant owners to reduce the food waste in the restaurant business like allowing customers to take away leftover food, donation to food bank or charity organizations, etc. Some orga nizations are even going one step further by converting the leftover food into composites which are then used in organic gardens. Now restaurant owners are also facilitated with software which pre calculate the supply required in the operations, and by this way restaurants are effectively managing supplies and cutting food wastes. The Stellini Bar produces a lot of wastes from packaging to left over foods and also in kitchen supplies. This is a serious problem as leftover food wastes costs business operations. For better analysis of the environmental impact of Stellini Bar, the author has identified the direct impact that includes the energy consumptions, solid wastes, water consumptions, air emissions etc. The Stellini Bar has a electricity consumption line both in commercial kitchen as well as the restaurant area. The restaurant has also water consumption lines that are used in kitchen and toilet areas as well as for other cleaning purposes. The Stellini Bar has a good amount of customers who order takeout food parcels, so in the process the restaurant serves them in plastic containers. Like other restaurants, the Stelline Bar also produces a large amount food wastes that consumers simply decide not to eat. In Stellini Bar people often left foods which they could not finish in their platter, this increases the food wastes. Customers often hesitate to ask for the leftover food as parcel. In a recent study it has been found out that more than 10% of the restaurant prepared food goes into t rash after purchased by customers. In the global water crisis scenario restaurants tend to waste tons of water every year. Restaurants are equally responsible for creating air pollution as automobiles and industries. The smoke and fumes exhausted from the chimney often produces harmful gasses. In Stellini Bar, the kitchen uses grills and char broilers for preparing food, but on flipside it produces a lot of harmful gases like carbon mono oxide. According to some experts, restaurant kitchen produces more gasses than a truck. Also, restaurant kitchen also produces grease which in long run not only traps work but are highly inflammable which can start fire when overheated. Going Green: The increasing human demand has increased the carbon foot prints of human beings that are disrupting the chemical cycle which were undisturbed for centuries. With the growing competition in the restaurant business, many organizations have adopted the innovative go green concept to build more environment friendly restaurants for attracting customers. The concept of green restaurant can be explained into broader terms of sustainability, renewability and eco friendly. The basic idea is to promote not only recycling of papers, glass, metals, etc but also recycle of pre consumed wastes. The eco friendly Green restaurant concept will encourage the Stellini Bar to be less wasteful and more resourceful. The Stellini Bar is having a great ambience where customers enjoy great food at social environment. In the contemporary service sector, the need for sustainability has increased and thus increased the environment friendly awareness. Sustainability simply means balance between the environmenta l, cultural and economical aspects of the business. Sustainability increases the profit and customer loyalty of the business. The basic aim of sustainable business environment for Stellini Bar is to reduce the dependency on the use of petroleum in automobiles used for transportation of regular supply for the restaurant. The aim is also to reduce the use of heavy metals for decorating the interior of the restaurant space and the kitchen area. Bio-degradable products would be replaced with the use of heavy metals. The use of synthetic chemicals that keep on in ecology creates one of the most dangerous hazards in long run, so plastic products like paper cups, plates and bags should be banned for use in Stellini Bar. Plastics are one of the most harmful elements that is extensively used in Setllini Bar on everyday basis. It is because that it is non-degradable in nature and thus stays in the eco system for ever creating pollution on large scale. The restaurant kitchen is another place w hich produces a lot of harmful gasses and greases which needs check. The management should install modern kitchen systems which release less harmful gasses and greases. Lastly the step to reduce the total amount of food waste that Stellini Bar produces could be checked by conducting a waste audit. It will allow the management to experience physically what food wastes the restaurant is been producing. Once the audit will be conducted the results will be evaluated by current practices and measures to reduce the quantity of food waste. The management can also plan to renovate the restaurant to build green building to introduce innovative systems within the restaurant compound to impact the overall sustainability of the Stellini Bar. While planning for green buildings, the few basic things that should be kept in mind are sustainable planning, structuring, operations and maintenance practices. According to experts, alternative energy conservation strategies are always effective. The mana gement should also focus on the training as it is a very important aspect of a successful green restaurant and waste reduction process. Waste reduction has been effective low cost or no cost approaches to ease disposal cost, and environment friendly commercial kitchen. In general most waste reduction practices are ethical business practices with the "green" alias acts as a bonus for the brand image of the business. According to industry experts it is the most obvious thing to do because it not only cuts cost and also appeals to the customers. Although implementing in practical life takes time and effort as the initial equipments can be expensive, the employees need training to apply guidelines and new duties are time consuming. Once the management overcomes the initial hurdles, the change is sustainable in long run. The actions for becoming green restaurant will demonstrate the concern of environmental sustainability of Stellini Bar which will also attract support from both governme nt and NGOs, local communities. For Stellini Bar, becoming a sustainable business is a long going process and there is no finish line. It needs constant improvements and up gradation to encourage environmental sustainability. It has also been found that employees are often strongly motivated by the actions of sustainable environment friendly actions, which ultimately increases employee productivity and reduces turn over. The basic job of the management is to initiate an alternative eco friendly and bio-degradable restaurant business which will have minimum impact on environment and can sustain in long run. Green Design For Green Restaurant At Stellini Bar According to the recent trends, going green and building green buildings in business has become one of the hottest topics. Every other business organizations are giving importance in environmental sustainability. A secure, suitable and healthy business is the qualification for every successful restaurant business for customers as well as its employees. Going Green in restaurant business is not only following current trend but also building lasting sustainability. The immediate step for implementing environment friendly restaurant is through deciding the process of moving forward. It is evident that the management of Stellini Bar has to move forward with proper structure to facilitate requirements and abilities. Firstly, the existing Stellini Bar has a building which needs to be renovated to construct a new eco friendly green building. The restaurant area can be open during the renovation process, the only thing that the management should keep in mind that the materials which will be used in the process should be disposed off without creating much pollution. Also, during the renovation process efforts should be made to reduce the environmental impact. The steps that can be initiated in this process like minimizing light pollution, providing mass transportation of required supplies, using existing building footprints, reusing building materials from existing site, etc. (Baraban and Durocher, 2010)Energy efficient buildings have often designs which use the natural light to optimum for reducing usage of electricity. Walls should be replaced with large glass windows wherever possible. Especially in the dining area, implementing proper window panel will reduce the cooling system. Also, solar panels should be installed on roofs for use of renewable solar energy in dining and kitchen areas. For that the management has to hire solar panel expert to implement the process. This process requires some amount of investment in the initial process but proves to be very cost ef fective in long run as this will help in complete stop of usage of electricity. Once the renovation of the building is done, the management has to focus on energy consumption on inside kitchen operations. The average kitchen area of commercial restaurants consumes 10times more energy than any house hold kitchen. The lighting systems should be replaced with latest generation of CFLs and LED bulbs as they produces less heat and are also energy efficient. Energy is also consumed during the process of food preparation, like cooking, washing, cleaning, etc. the management should plan accordingly for efficient use of energy in kitchen to decrease the operation cost and maintaining environmental sustainability. The kitchen area should have onsite water purification system so that the water used in cleaning purposes can be used after purification. This will cut the water consumption amount of Stellini Bar. Also appliances for rain water harvest should be also implemented so that the rain wa ter can also be used. The management should buy most energy efficient appliances, old and a low quality appliance tends to be poor at energy efficiency. Making changes in kitchen operations can bring significant improvement in the process of sustainability. The management should approve kitchen appliances which are Energy Star approved, in that way all kitchen appliances will be energy efficient. The used cooking oil can be collected and reused as fuel for heating greenhouses during winters and also for minor fuel usage. This will enable the reuse of cooking oil without disposing it in garbage. As author has already discussed that Stellini Bar has a customer base who orders online for food delivery and the food is delivered in plastic containers. The management can take initiatives to replace the plastic containers with biodegradable products like coconut, bamboo and corn based containers and initiating the substitution of paper by bagasse- a non paper alternative which is equally b iodegradable and compostable (Freeman, 2011). The basic idea is to substitute the conventional restaurant eating experience with unique bio-degradable products which will have minimalist impact on environment. This will encourage the customers to take initiatives for environmental sustainability. The washrooms and toilets in the restaurant should be replaced with water efficient appliances. Lastly, the author has a unique suggestion for the management of the Stellini Bar for creating an environment friendly image as well as creating a brand value for the restaurant is by building an onsite organic garden. This will enable fresh supply of kitchen requirements and will also create uniqueness for the Stellini Bar. Conclusion: Implementing the above recommended steps requires a considerable amount of investment which can be a hurdle for the author to convince the management. Also, training the staff for implementation of the up gradation is required because this technologically improved appliance requires trained staffs to handle. The newly implemented rules and processes would need encouragement and practice from the management to be practiced. If the above recommended strategies are implemented successfully then Stellini Bar would become one of the greenest and environment friendly sustainable restaurants in Melbourne. Reference: Baraban, R.S. and Durocher, J.F., 2010.Successful restaurant design. John Wiley Sons. Freeman, E.M., 2011.Restaurant industry sustainability: barriers and solutions to sustainable practice indicators(Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University).

AT T Case Study

Table of Contents Introduction Models preceding RBV The roots of the RBV Application of RBV to the field of HRM Key Elements of the RBV Conclusion Reference List Introduction There is an agreement that human capital can be a basis of competitive advantage; that human resource practices are more influential on the human resource part of the firm; and that the complex nature of HR systems of practice can enhance the inimitability of the system. Human resources belong to a firm’s most valuable assets (Hendry Pettigrew, 1986, p. 3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on AT T Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the past few decades, there has been an upsurge on the body of literature focusing on creating sustained competitive advantage for organizations through the development of core competences, tacit knowledge, and dynamic capabilities. Reflecting on these literatures, it can be concluded that the resource-based view has become one of the dominate theories in debate on strategic HRM and on how human resources and related HR practices can have an effect on firm performance (Barney, 2001, p. 42). Models preceding RBV Resource-based view led to a change in strategic management thinking from an ‘outside-in’ approach – with an emphasis on external, industry-based competitive issues to an ‘inside-out’ approach, in which internal resources constitute the starting point for understanding organizational success (Wright, Dunford Snell, 2001, p. 701). During the 1980s, the main developments in analyzing strategy emphasized on the relationship between strategy and the outside environment. A befitting example on such studies is an analysis done by Michael Porter who analyzed the structure of the industry and competitive positioning (Boxall, 1996, p. 59). However, the link between strategy and the organization’s resources and skills has been neglec ted in research. Most research focusing on strategic implications of the inside environment of a company has focused on matters pertaining the implementation of strategy and how to analyze the firm process through which strategies come up. Recently, there has been a revival of attention in the role of the firm’s resources as the basis for firm strategy (Bowen Ostroff, 2004, p. 203). The roots of the RBV The resource-based view roots go back to the mid-twentieth century when the value and quality of human resources in terms of knowledge and experience. In essence, RBV offers a critique of the dominant models of the 1980s, in particular, the model of Michael Porter. Porter-like approaches make implicit heroic assumptions about the cleverness of the leadership team and their ability to make efficient choices and the relative naivetà © of cultural changes within a firm (Hendry Pettigrew, 1986, p. 5). Porter’s framework of industry analysis and resulting competitive stra tegies focus on the relevance of the external environment, which also makes part of the early HR strategic models.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The outside-in approaches put a lot of emphasis on the external analysis in terms of opportunities and threats, while the inside-out approach focuses on the internal analysis and the strengths and weaknesses of the organizations. This shift in strategic management has had significant implications in the field of HRM (Barney, 2001, p. 46). Sustained competitive advantage is determined by resources that are valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable. These are the qualities of desirable resources. These resources can be distinguished in financial resources in terms of equity, debt and retained earnings, physical resources like machines and factories, human resources in terms of experience, intelligence and wisdom associated w ith the firm, and organizational resources such as teamwork, trust, systems, organizational design, management information systems and budgeting techniques (Wright, Dunford Snell, 2001, p. 706). There are three reasons as to why firm resources can be imperfectly imitable. The first reason is the ability of the firm to obtain a resource depends on unique historical conditions (path dependency) (Bowen Ostroff, 2004, p. 205). Secondly, the link between the resources owned by the company and a firm’s sustained competitive advantage is causally ambiguous (causal ambiguity); and thirdly, the resources generating a firm’s advantage is socially complex (social complexity) (Barney, 2001, p. 47). Path dependency captures the idea that valuable resources are developed and the fact that their competitive success does not simply come from making choices in the present, but have theory origin and starting point in a chain of events, incidents, and choices in the past. This chain o f events and managerial choices over time, in combination with the complexity of social interactions of actors involved, form the basis of the second barrier to imitation according to RBV: social complexity (Wright, Dunford Snell, 2001, p. 710). Unique networks of internal and external connections are natural barriers for imitation by rivals. The third type of barrier in RBV is causal ambiguity; it is difficult for people who have not been involved in the decision-making process to assess the specific cause-effect relationships in organizations (Boxall, 1996, p. 64).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on AT T Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Application of RBV to the field of HRM The resource-based view when applied to the field of HRM posits that it is people who encompass the properties of value because they contribute to firm efficiency or effectiveness; rarity, since they are not widely available, ini mitability, as they cannot be easily replicated by competitors; and non-substitutability, given that other resources cannot fulfill the same function. The above qualities are the necessary conditions for organizational success (Barney, 2001, p. 49). The RBV focuses on competitive advantage from the perspective of inimitable human resources that are less visible or transparent, in contrast with, for example, technological, technological, and physical resources. In addition, the RBV emphasizes the complexity of organizational systems in determining competitive advantage, related to the bundles and systems approach to HRM research. Furthermore, the RBV is concerned with sustained competitive advantage or profitability at the firm level, whereas other theoretical frameworks focus on behavioral outcomes or internal efficiency issues (Hendry Pettigrew, 1986, p. 6). The fundamental explanation to the resource-based view is relatively straightforward. It begins with the presumption that th e top management of a firm desires for the company to have a sustained competitive advantage (SCA). A company that attains an SCA is able to earn economic rents or returns that are above average. In turn, emphasis is laid on the means by which organizations attain and sustain advantages (Boxall, 1996, p. 67). The resource-based view holds that the solution to this is through possession of certain principal resources. These resources, in return, should also have precise features of value, inimitability (Wright, Dunford Snell, 2001, p. 715). A sustained competitive advantage can be obtained if the company uses these major resources in its product markets. Therefore, the RBV focuses mainly on strategic choice, holding the company’s management responsible for crucial roles of identification, development, and use of major resources to make the most of returns (Barney, 2001, p. 50). Key Elements of the RBV The essential elements of the resource-based view are sustainable competiti ve advantage and superior performance; key resources; and strategic choices by management. Each of these components is discussed below. Despite its various definitions, strategy entails an attempt by a firm to achieve and sustain competitive advantage in relation to other firms (Hendry Pettigrew, 1986, p. 7).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the notion of competitive advantage remains central to the strategy literature, clear definitions of the concept are rare. Advantage can be viewed as a relative concept. In other words, advantage is deemed meaningful only when compared to another entity or set of entities (Barney, 2001, p. 48). Advantages are relative to an arena or context, and that what counts for an advantage in one contest may not be so in another, and, indeed, be a disadvantage. A competitive advantage, therefore; is a merit that one company has over its competitor in a particular market, or even an industry (Bowen Ostroff, 2004, p. 221). The resource-based view argues that advantages can be sustainable if they are derived from key resources possessing certain characteristics. These features include inimitability, rarity, and non-substitutability. Concisely, a firm’s resources are a source of sustainable competitive if they possess the three characteristics of market value and barriers to dupli cation (Boxall, 1996, p. 70). The second element of resource-based view is identifying key resources. The current literature is replete with discussion that attributes the superior performance of firms to strengths such as customer service excellence, design capability, managerial expertise and teamwork. At any given, an organization is likely to have a wide range of resources at its disposal (Hendry Pettigrew, 1986, p. 8). From a resource-based perspective, the normative challenge facing firms is to identify and deploy those resources that meet the characteristics earlier in this essay. Resources can be divided into three principal groups: tangible assets, intangible assets and capabilities. Tangible assets are those assets in a firm, both current and fixed that have long-run capacity. In addition, these assets are transparent and weak at resisting duplication. Intangible assets, on the other hand, are particularly pronounced in industries such as pharmaceuticals, consumer goods i ndustries, and service firms where company reputation is critical. These assets have relatively unlimited capacity (Barney, 2001, p. 47). Firms possessing intangible assets can leverage their value by using them in house, renting them, or selling them. These assets are relatively resistant to duplication efforts by competitors due to their regulatory of position gaps or differentials. Capabilities are skills that the company. The firm manager has a role of converting resources into valuable products for customers (Bowen Ostroff, 2004, p. 208). The initial task facing mangers is to try to identify the resources possessing the potential to generate sustainable competitive advantage. In order to do this, resources must provide potential access to a wide variety of markets; are relevant to the key buying criteria of customers; and they are difficult to imitate (Boxall, 1996, p. 72). Conclusion The resource-based view posits that the firm’s management ream assumes responsibility for identifying, developing, protecting and deploying value-generating resources. Given the practical difficulties of these tasks, good-quality top management in itself can possibly exhibit the characteristics of a key resource. The resources and capabilities of an organization are the main factors in formulating strategy (Barney, 2001, p. 51). They are the basic constants upon which a company can establish its identity and frame its strategy, and they are the chief sources of the firm’s profitability. The key to a resource-based view to strategy formulation is the comprehension of the links between resources, capabilities, competitive advantage, and profitability- especially, comprehending the mechanisms through which competitive advantage can be sustained over time (Bowen Ostroff, 2004, p. 215). This calls for the design of strategies that explain to maximum effect each firm’s unique characteristics. Reference List Barney, J 2001, ‘Is the resource-based view a useful perspective for strategic management research? Yes’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 26 no.1, pp. 41-56. Bowen, D, Ostroff, C 2004, ‘Understanding HRM-Firm Performance Linkages: The role of the ‘Strength’ of the HRM System’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 29 no. 2, pp. 203-221. Boxall, P 1996, ‘The strategic HRM debate and the resource-based view of the firm’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 6 no. 30, pp. 59-75. Hendry, C, Pettigrew, A 1986, ‘The practice of strategic human resource management’, Personnel Review, vol. 15 no. 5, pp. 3-8. Wright, P, Dunford, B, Snell, S 2001, ‘Human resources and the resource based view of the firm’, Journal of Management, vol. 27 no. 6, pp. 701-721. This essay on AT T Case Study was written and submitted by user Shaniya O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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